12: Linking records

It's time to update the town of Riverdale again, this time with a link to the library. A record link is quick to make in SurrealDB: if a field contains the record ID of one or more other records, that's a link! For our existing town:riverdale record, a simple UPDATE statement is all that is needed. Don't forget to put the library inside an array, because the town may have more libraries to add later.

UPDATE town:riverdale SET libraries = [place:surreal_library];

Run Query

[
  {
    id: town:riverdale,
    libraries: [
      place:surreal_library
    ],
    name: 'Riverdale',
    population: 75000
  }
]

If we had used a random ID instead of place:surreal_library, we would have first used SELECT VALUE id to get the record ID of the existing town and library, followed by a WHERE clause to filter. Let's practice this method too.

SELECT VALUE id FROM place WHERE "Riverdale" IN address;

Run Query

[ place:surreal_library ]

When working with random IDs like this, using LET to create a parameter is a great way to make the code readable. To set a parameter, use the LET keyword followed by $ and the name that you want to give it.

Setting a parameter also makes it available for reuse, which can be convenient.

-- Easy to read: this will be IDs of towns with the name Riverdale
LET $riverdale = SELECT VALUE id FROM town WHERE name = "Riverdale";

-- IDs of libraries with the name Riverdale in the address
LET $libraries = SELECT VALUE id FROM place WHERE "Riverdale" IN address;

-- Then update one with the other
UPDATE $riverdale SET libraries = $libraries;

-- Parameter is still around for reuse
-- If we had any cats we could link them to the libraries too
UPDATE cat SET libraries = $libraries;

Run Query

By using either of these two ways, the library is now linked to the town! If we select from the town table, we can now see the library that we linked.

SELECT * FROM town;

Run Query

[
  {
    id: town:riverdale,
    libraries: [
      place:surreal_library
    ],
    name: 'Riverdale',
    population: 75000
  }
]

That output is a bit boring though, as the libraries only shows the record ID for the library.

To make the output more informative, we can add .name to libraries to directly access the place's name.

SELECT *, libraries.name FROM town;

Run Query

[
  {
    id: town:riverdale,
    libraries: [
      {
        name: [
          'Surreal Library'
        ]
      }
    ],
    name: 'Riverdale',
    population: 75000
  }
]

Or we can use .{} to select some fields from the linked libraries, such as name and floors.

SELECT 
    *, 
    libraries.{ name, floors }
FROM town;

Run Query

[
  {
    id: town:riverdale,
    libraries: [
      {
        floors: 8,
        name: 'Surreal Library'
      }
    ],
    name: 'Riverdale',
    population: 75000
  }
]

A quick way to display all the fields of a linked record is by adding the FETCH keyword to the end.

SELECT * FROM town FETCH libraries;

Run Query

[
  {
    id: town:riverdale,
    libraries: [
      {
        address: '2025 Statement Street, Riverdale',
        floors: 8,
        id: place:surreal_library,
        name: 'Surreal Library',
        place_type: 'library'
      }
    ],
    name: 'Riverdale',
    population: 75000
  }
]