Ranges

Available since: v2.0.0

A range is composed of .. and possible delimiters to set the maximum and minimum possible values. The default syntax includes the lower limit and excludes the upper limit. A = can be used to make the upper limit inclusive, and > can be used to make the lower limit exclusive.

-- From 0 up to 9
0..10;
-- From 0 up to 10
0..=10
-- From 1 to 9
0>..10;
-- From 1 to 10
0>..=10

A range becomes open ended if a delimiter is not specified.

-- Anything from 0 and up
0..
-- Anything from 1 and up
0>..
-- Anything up to 99
..100
-- Anything up to 100
..=100
-- An infinite range
..

A range can be constructed from any type of value. This is most useful when comparing one value to another.

-- All true
'g' IN 'a'..'z';
d"2024-01-01" IN d"2020-01-01"..=d"2025-01-01";
['London', d"2022-02-02", 5.7] IN ['London', d"2020-01-01"]..=['London', d"2024-12-31"];

-- All false
"ㅋㅋㅋ" IN "a".."z";
d"2028-01-01" IN d"2020-01-01"..=d"2025-01-01";
['Philadelphia', d"2022-02-02", 5.7] IN ['London', d"2020-01-01"]..=['London', d"2024-12-31"];

Ranges in FOR loops

Ranges of integers have the added convenience of being able to be used in a FOR loop.

FOR $year IN 0..=2024 {
    CREATE historical_events SET
        for_year = $year,
        events = "To be added";
}

Casting and functional usage

A range can be cast into an array.

<array>1..3;

Output
[
	1,
	2
]

This opens up a range of functional programming patterns that are made possible by SurrealDB’s array functions, many of which can use anonymous functions (closures) to perform an operation on each item in the array.

-- Construct an array
(<array>1..=100)
-- Turn it into an array that increments by 10
    .map(|$v| $v * 10)
-- Turn each number into a object with original and square root value
    .map(|$v| { original: $v, square_root: math::sqrt($v) })
-- Keep only those with square roots in between 11 and 12
    .filter(|$obj| $obj.square_root IN 11..12);

Output
[
	{
		original: 130,
		square_root: 11.40175425099138f
	},
	{
		original: 140,
		square_root: 11.832159566199232f
	}
]